Some are quite broad teenagers , while others are narrow body builders. Some ethnic groups form subcultures, as do certain occupational groups.
Countercultures are groups whose values set their members in opposition to the dominant culture. While usually associated with negative behavior, some countercultures are not. Values in U. Society A. Because the United States is a pluralistic society made up of many different groups, competing value systems are common. Some sociologists, however, have tried to identify some underlying core values in the United States.
Sociologist Robin Williams identified ten core values: achievement and success especially, doing better than others ; individualism success due to individual effort ; activity and work; efficiency and practicality; science and technology. Values are not independent units; value clusters are made up of related core values that come together to form a larger whole. In the value cluster surrounding success, for example, we find hard work, education, efficiency, material comfort, and individualism all bound together.
Some values conflict with each other. There cannot be full expressions of democracy, equality, racism, and sexism at the same time.
These are value contradictions and as society changes some values are challenged and undergo modification. A cluster that is emerging in response to fundamental changes in U. Another emerging value is concern for the environment. Valuing leisure is reflected in the huge recreation industry that exists today.
Self-fulfillment is expressed through the human potential movement and on the popularity of self-help books and talk shows. Today, there is a new sense of urgency in being young, perhaps because of the presence of aging baby boomers who are trying to deny their biological fate. Our history suggests a lack of concern for the environment; it was generally viewed as a challenge to be overcome.
However, today there is a genuine concern for protecting the environment. Core values do not change without meeting strong resistance. Values and their supporting beliefs may blind people to other social circumstances.
Success stories blind many people in the United States to the dire consequences of family poverty, lack of education, and dead-end jobs. Ideal culture refers to the ideal values and norms of a people. What people actually do usually falls short of this ideal, and sociologists refer to the norms and values that people actually follow as real culture.
Cultural Universals A. Although there are universal human activities, there is no universally-accepted way of doing any of them. Anthropologist George Murdock concluded that all human groups have certain cultural universals: customs about courtship, cooking, marriage, funerals, games, laws, music, myths, incest taboos, and toilet training are present in all cultures. Even so, the specific customs differ from one group to another. For example: there is no universal form of the family, no universal way of disposing of the.
Even incest is defined differently from group to group. Sociobiologists argue that, as a result of natural selection, the basic cause of human behavior is biology.
Just as physical characteristics and instinctual behavior of animals is the result of natural selection i. Score: 4. Henslin Publisher : Simon and Schuster Release Date : Genre: Reference Pages : ISBN 10 : GET BOOK Down to Earth Sociology 14th Edition Book Description : A new edition of a popular college reference features thirty percent new articles addressing current issues of contemporary sociology, from politics and religion to crime and poverty, in a volume that links each article to related chapters in widely used introductory textbooks.
James Henslin guides students on an intellectual voyage through through the sociological imagination, helping them better understanding both themselves and their world. With humor, personal reflection and illuminating examples, he shares with readers his passion for sociology.
Six central themes run throughout the text: down-to-earth sociology, globalization, cultural diversity, critical thinking, the new technology and the influence of mass media on everyday life. Each of these themes is reflected in the central narrative, in boxed features throughout the text, and in MySocLab.
With his acclaimed "down-to-earth" approach and personal writing style, the author highlights the sociology of everyday life and its relevance to students' lives. With wit, personal reflection, and illuminating examples, Henslin stimulates students' sociological imagination so they can better perceive how the pieces of society fit together.
It is our privilege to share with students this process of awareness and discovery called the sociological perspective.
Although formidable, these goals are attainable. This book is designed to help you reach them. Based on many years of frontline classroom experience, its subtitle, A Down-to-Earth Approach, was not proposed lightly. My goal is to share the fascination of sociology with students and in doing so to make your teaching more rewarding.
Over the years, I have found the introductory course especially enjoyable. It is a pleasure to watch them gain insight into how their social experiences give shape to even their innermost desires. In short, this text is designed to make your teaching easier.
There simply is no justification for students to have to wade through cumbersome approaches to sociology. I am firmly convinced that the introduction to sociology should be enjoyable and that the introductory textbook can be an essential tool in sharing the discovery of sociology with students. The Organization of This Text The text is laid out in five parts.
Part I focuses on the sociological perspective, which is introduced in the first chapter. We then look at how culture influences us Chapter 2 , examine socialization Chapter 3 , and compare macrosociology and microsociology Chapter 4.
After this, we look at how sociologists do research Chapter 5. Download Free PDF. Nancy J. Jeanette Bradley. Estella Stover. Judith Douglas.
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