The Pathfinder Adventure Card Game: Rise of the Runelords Base Set includes dice, nearly cards, and everything 1 to 4 players need to create characters and begin their adventures.
The city of Korvosa is in chaos, and her new queen may well be the source can a ragtag group of heroes stand before the might of one of Golarion s most notorious villains? This immense book collects the six classic Curse of the Crimson Throne adventures, and has everything you need to run an entire, full-length campaign covering months and months of play! Explore expanded adventures, including a brand new mission written by Paizo s Creative Director, James Jacobs, that sends the heroes into a perilous dungeon run by the queen s infamous Gray Maidens!
Features dozens of evocative new illustrations of classic characters! New and updated rules for monsters, magic items, and character options ".
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As the type of the ANALOG, think of the whale fall, the sunken carcass of a whale, which in its deep death can give rise to an ecology all its own.
Whale falls ap- peared in a particularly phantasmatic format when they were first discovered in , appearing to the analog soundings of U. A whale fall is given its first going over by scavengers such as fish and sharks, after which, creatures like invertebrate worms settle on its bones, often digging roots into the marrow for minerals. Such minerals are processed by microorganisms that take up residence inside the cells of these busy worms. According to the biological oceanogra- pher Craig Smith of the University of Hawaii, the decomposition of whalebone lipids in combination with seawater sulfate reduction can produce sulfides off of which the endosymbiotic microbes residing within worms can thrive.
Reflecting on their early apparition on navy sonar, we might say that analog whales are cetacean ghost ships. Treating these bases as a kind of digital readout is based on the metaphor of coding that lies behind gene sequencing.
In his luggage, he had toted along a portable polymerase chain reaction machine for amplify- ing DNA. Particularly useful were two dig- ital technologies: 1. Forlorn and forgot- ten, it served as a piece of dusty cetacean driftwood awaiting a resurrection in a more virtuous time, a time when the vanishing of whales awakens a real fear that soon we will only have simulated, virtual versions, models of the fish that was not a fish that got away.
Drifting into this densely populated zone, I nominate the coral reef as a figure worthy of joining this Harawavian menagerie. Which earthly and oceanic entities and agents might be woven together through reefy bones and bodies is, of course, a polyse- mous, shifting question.
Indeed, part of what I am fascinated by when it comes to coral reefs is how densely they come prefigured through the historically lay- ered descriptions of biologists, fisherpeople, ecologists, and, occasionally, mem- bers of my own professional guild, anthropology. Offering a reading of reefs, then, must simultaneously perform a kind of underwater archaeology of the proliferative scaffoldings upon which reefs have already been written.
Her figures are entities she has repurposed for her own ends. They too come with durable, multiple, and porous inheritances. Emphasizing their surprising capacities to connect scales and contexts must attend to these historical hold- fasts. EMERGENCE Coral began its career in the scientific imagination as a boundary object, an assemblage of flesh and stone that generated speculation about the boundaries of the living and nonliving.
Fitzroy, R. Reprinted with the permission of Cambridge University Press. Coral animalcules, bridging the past and the future, were animated by the practice of building the world and bodies they inhabited, an activity that linked them to human collectives, who, for the Morgan who wrote Ancient Society in , could be classed by their scale of technological achieve- ment, which then determined for him their stage of social evolution. Such a reef may be miles long and inhabited by billions of tiny polyp animals.
With- out their ancestors, there would have been no reef. But the reef now exists inde- pendently of the living polyps, and would long continue to endure even if every polyp were killed by, say, a change in ocean temperature or salinity. While a coral reef is the accumulated precipitate of dead polyps, it is also a phenomenon affording to millions of living polyps a base and a foothold, and a place to thrive. Scuba diving, along with the ecological aesthetic of writers such as Rachel Carson, would in the next decades transform the idioms within which oceanographers and others would figure reefs.
Corals would become interesting not just as architectural agents but also as animate matter. Reefs would come to new life. To be sure, much of this interest might be chalked up to transformations in methods of study. And instead of being simple analogues to human cultural productions, they have become a more lively other figure 5. We might say that they have become subjects for an appreciative relativism rather than for the derivation of universalistic lessons of the sort gleaned by Kroeber.
Corals have been increasingly figured as critters offering a cultural critique of received wisdom about the nature of such things as embodiment and sex.
Hard corals also have a skeleton, or corallite, at their base, into which the polyp retreats during the day. It is this process of calcification that physically constructs coral reef, the literal bedrock of the coral reef. Until the late s, most ma- rine biologists believed that coral was viviparous; that is, that polyps plopped up new polyps through an asexual process called budding.
In many settings, such spawning happens only once a year, on a full moon. When it was established that most corals spawned and that larvae could survive for days, it became evident that widely distributed reef ecologies were hyperlinked to one another.
Figure 5. From James P. These webs of relation continually recontextualize one another. Perhaps the biggest stars of the reef when it comes to offering examples of sexual variety, however, have been the sequentially hermaphroditic fish that live in the embrace of many coral reefs.
This characterization has more punch if it is used, contrariwise, to render those familiar human, cultural, and social forms more curious as a result of their affiliation with barnacle organisation.
Indeed, it is now easy to find descriptions of coral reefs as rain forests of the sea. And like rain forests, they are under threat. When sea- water becomes more acidic, it is able to dissolve more quickly the calcium car- bonate of which reefs are made.
Bleaching is so named because it leaves polyps translucent, allowing white coral bone to show through. Corals also suffer when sunlight is obstructed by the rapid growth of surface algae, which often happens in water suddenly loaded with nutrients from sewage flow or fertilizer runoff think coastal golf courses.
The contexts they conjoin are legibly polit- ical, connecting local biogenesis to international patterns of fossil fuel usage, tourism, and food production. Flipping prefixes in a phrase from Bruno Latour, they are mutable immobiles. This has made corals intriguing creatures for natu- ral products chemists who have been interested in drug leads.
Recognizing Palauan sovereignty over of these resources, the NCI has in place a bioprospecting contract with Pa- lau. If the NCI wants compounds sourced in Palau to be developed into drugs, the contract specifies that any pharmaceutical partners to whom the U.
Scientists en- gaged in practices of figuration as they discussed which coral DNA to sequence. Another consideration in choosing a species would be how well it allowed for study of the interaction between polyps and their mutu- alist endosymbionts, the zooxanthellae.
Such research could be instructive for understanding coral bleaching. A species should be selected that is most amenable to labora- tory manipulations. Against Porites, others championed corals of the genus Acropora, the most widely distributed and studied genus in the world, which would in the bargain allow for a more thorough representation of Caribbean reefs.
Environ- mental representativeness, lab tractability, and conservation concerns were all in the mix, channeled through gene talk. Biomedical interest was not absent from the conversation; indeed, the summary from which I have been quoting concluded that basic science questions can be greatly aided by knowing the sequence of the coral genome.
For example, is this coral immunocompetent or endocrine modulated? We need to know the genes that contribute to these systems to explore their indi- vidual and combined behaviors. Can our understanding of cancer in mammals be aided by our understanding and the future discoveries of how corals get cancer?
Some participants questioned the limits of the figuration work that coral ge- nomics could do. For Darwin, corals were glimpsed dimly, as bare bone, after death and, if living, through foamy water. What successor epistemologies can be imagined set- tling on and metamorphosing the textual idioms of genomics?
In her first book, Crystals, Fabrics, and Fields, Haraway examined how meta- phor shapes scientific theory. Figures, on the other polyp, direct a denser rhetorical traffic, spawning not only multiplicities of meanings, but also new material, corporeal structures and substances.
Like coral and corals: architected, embodied, experienced, read, written, rewritten, and woven into the fiber of human words and worlds. Human bodies harbored an ocean within. The traces of relic viruses and companion microbes have twined into human genomes, cells, and selves, with microorganismic inheritances from many different stages of evolutionary history surviving and thriving in human blood and guts.
Call it Homo microbis. Might it be time to rename Homo sapiens? Our Self Portrait: the Human Microbiome. Joana Ricou, There have been many offerings, most prominently: Homo faber making man , elaborated by Hannah Arendt in to draw attention to human creativity, but with earlier precedents and mentions from Appius Claudius Caecus a Roman politician credited with coining the term in BCE , Benjamin Franklin, Karl Marx, Henri Bergson, and Max Frisch who wrote a novel by that title in Polydor Records, More subtle forms of biopolitics might include prenatal testing and counseling as well as more benign versions such as socialized health care.
But let me return to Dorion Sagan and to some of the rhetoric he has threaded into his account of what I am calling Homo microbis. I wish to query what I de- tect as an emergent microbiomania among writers of popular science and sci- ence studies alike. The microbiome is a novel kind of object or figure in biology, to be sure, but its multiple meanings do not themselves follow from the fact that microbiomes are composed of a multiplicity of organisms.
The microbiome, among all that it also might be, is a representation, a figure. The meanings in genus and spe- cies names writhe against their staid Latin boxiness. Such redescriptions can be progressive, retrogressive, liberatory, oppressive, strange, and familiar, all at once.
Take, for example, recent scientific work that asks whether there is a place for human race in the microbiome. Genetic reductionism has had the ironic effect of undoing the very categories it was originally chartered to solidify. There is nothing preventing race from manifesting in microbiome talk, in both reductionist and complex ways. As the epidemiologist and critic J.
This time machine has delivered the microbiomization of race. By a true social science of the microbiome we can investigate host determinants under a more sophisticated rubric than clunky clinical metadata. For instance, how is microbiome diversity geographically distrib- uted? Are microbiomes racially segregated more in racially segregated neighbor- hoods, cities or countries than in integrated ones?
Does racial oppression, and its material and sociopsychological stresses and deprivations, select for particular microbial profiles over others?
Do microbiomes display a class structure? Moving now to the politics of sex and gender, recall the Homo formulations I mention above. Why never Femina sapiens? The genus is nearly ubiquitous in insect tissues. Contemplate the case of fetal microchimerism. Fetal microchimeric cells FMCs engraft into the maternal bone marrow for decades after delivery and are able to migrate to blood and tissues.
Again, this does not mean anything in itself. But this comparison is simply suggestive, not a claim about what bi- ology really tells people apart from cultural interpretations. Mayr rested too much of his definition on the imagined isolation of populations. The definition was immediately unsatisfying for the rhizomatic ways of plants and fungi. A thing seen; a spectacle; esp. Homo microbis might then look like the phantom in figure 6. So, I end in partial solidarity with Sagan, interested in using biological knowl- edge to reflect on.
But I am wary of stopping there. The biology, astonishing as it is, is not the end of the story. Why do accounts like those of Sagan have the purchase they do on contem- porary readerships? Why the interest in multispecies, interspecies, and trans- species now? Why is the erosion of human organismic integrity exciting to some social scientists and humanists to say nothing of natural scientists?
In the context of the geological epoch that some scientists are Figure 6. Biological material is not a substance to be read in a simply lit- eral mode. It cannot be. Rather, biology is a historically crafted discipline, and its materials come thickly figured and configured by the histories and cultures through which they are imagined and inhabited. The biological is more than biological.
An interesting reversal had taken place with this second coming of Mars and the frozen limits, however. In The War of the Worlds, invading Martians were brought low by terrestrial microbes. In a nontrivial way, decisions about what counts as similitude constitute the analysis.
My itinerary will be as follows. SETI has largely assumed that extraterrestrial intel- ligence will twin human cognition. When SETI has looked for signs of intelli- gence in the universe, it has looked for an imitation of itself, setting up a sort of cosmic Turing test, screening for signals in a sea of noise. This scientific sounding of the universe required tools of amplifica- tion and a patient attention to the very quiet.
In this sense, SETI operationalized, in a scientific register, what were, historically speaking, relatively recent associa- tions of quiet with spirituality.
The feeling is constantly growing on me that I had been the first to hear the greetings of one planet to another. Where shall we meet? At the water hole, of course! On the missions of Spirit and Opportunity, such assays are conducted in situ, even as reasoning by indirection and infer- ence still saturates the search: Life, as we understand it, requires water, so the history of water on Mars is critical to finding out if the Martian environment was ever conducive to life. The rovers will focus on questions concerning water on Mars: its past, where it was located, and the chemical and geological interactions with the rocks and soil.
NASA will also look for life on Mars by searching for telltale markers, or biosignatures, of current and past life. Biosignatures are created during the acquisition of the energy or the chemical ingredients that are necessary for biosynthesis or both e. What reading practices are employed to make sense of such biosignatures? The asymmetries of stereochemistry can thus be a pointer to possible life; more specifically, these might be indicators that processes of metabolism are reproducing contingent asymmetries of an initial collection of compounds.
It is its sameness. The man. I told him, yes, I changed my signature not that long ago, thus the mismatch.
One emerges from the historical sciences that make up a large part of the astrobiology enterprise: as- tronomy, ecology, field biology, geology, oceanography, paleontology, and others. The events being investigated have happened, and it is the task of the scientists to tell the explanatory story.
It is inductive science in that the data are collected first and then the hypothesis is formulated. It is deductive in the sense that it is hypothesis driven. There is a strong emphasis on experimenta- tion, in which the scientist creates his or her own universe that is, or is assumed to be, a simulacrum of the real world beyond the laboratory bench.
The planets may or may not be inhabited. Astrobiologists are even open to the idea that they might not yet know what to reason from. What analogies and disanalogies guide astrobiology toward its future objects of study?
That is, having installed a representa- tional system for detecting direct and remote signs of life, might astrobiologists also be curving away from this system, from these signs? Having set up force fields of Peircian indices, is astrobiology also being grabbed by the gravities of other similitudes? As my answer will obviously be yes, I should remark on what searching for such roving logics will accomplish. Most of the signs astrobiology searches for seem to be standard indexical signs, footprints of life, signs of Yeti, not ETI.
Taking a cue from the anthropologist Peter Redfield, who suggests in his Space in the Tropics that fixing an equator takes iterative semiotic work, we might say that here the signature of life risks displacement, a tropic turn away from sense. In his play, Wittgenstein: On Mars, George Coates put his finger on the uneasiness that researchers skeptical about the presumptive nanobacteria in ALH may have felt. What Schwartz might call amplification, unsympathetic scientists may simply call exaggeration.
Looking at the optical chirality of extraterrestrial stereoisomers using polarized light is an attempt to see through and into the bio- logical, an impulse toward transparency. Here the handedness of isomers poten- tially points toward the invisible hand of life. Consider, for example, this extract from a letter sent by a W. Charles Lamb. Does the glare of the frosty disco ball of Europa dazzle with promise or blind with false hope?
Glare attunes us to the problems of visualization that inhere in many as- trobiological attempts to image the signs of life on other planets. On the Spirit and Opportunity voyages, for example, from which photographs of the Martian surface have been sent back to Earth, color correction has become a key issue, especially in the search for hematite, an iron oxide, the presence of which might point toward water.
NASA has offered calibration details: When you adjust the color on your television set, you do so by picking something on the screen that you know should be a certain color such as grass should be green and you adjust your set accordingly.
The Pancam calibration target is, by far, the most unique the rover carries. It is in the shape of a sundial and is mounted on the rover deck. Pancam will image the sundial many times during the mission so that scientists can adjust the images they receive from Mars. They use the colored blocks in the corners of the sundial to calibrate the color in images of the Martian landscape. Roger F.
The carbon copy restores to us a companionate twin, running happily along with us. What do we make of all this? But what is wrong with claims about reality? I argue here in favor of a multiplicity of mistakes as proper guides into what is real for communities of interpretation.
But whence this anxiety? In Error and the Academic Self, Seth Lerer argues that academic worry about mistakes, about error, is closely connected to apprehension about the errant, the nomadic. Containing, fixing, and erasing errors has become the province of such disciplinary formations as the philology of J. Tolkien, which seeks to fasten traditions to firm foundations such as national linguistic genealogies or scientific accounts of the steady evolution of words.
They serve as conduits for unacknowledged, unbid- den, and often unwelcome traffic between worlds. How else can we place this approach? Such an analysis would be alien to discipline. But aliens, as astrobiologists can tell us, are good to think with. About life. About difference. About polar opposites. About doubles and imperfect twins. At an average of 5 feet above sea level, many of the 1, coral islands of the Maldives are in danger of vanishing beneath the Indian Ocean if climate change proceeds as many scientists predict.
Water materialized as a cycling, hybrid substance, at once natural and cultural. Photo by Mohamed Seeneen. Water as culture, meanwhile, can materialize as a medium of pleasure, sustenance, travel, poison, and disaster.
Animal husbandry provided a theory machine for Darwin. For the French physicist Sadi Carnot, water was a theory machine; his second law of thermodynamics in the s hypothesized that heat was a fluid that behaved like flowing water. Water is not one thing. For interpretative social sciences, water can be sacred substance, life, refreshment, contaminant, grave. Here is an object that is endlessly transmutable, moving readily from one shape to another: from ice to stream, from vapour to rain, from fluid to steam.
It has an equally broad range of scales of existence: from droplet to ocean, trickle to flood, cup to lake. In what follows, I track that turn and its history to motivate a discussion of seawater imagery and metaphors in early ethnography, in maritime anthropol- ogy, and in recent social theory. First, I suggest that in early anthropology the qualities of seawater were portrayed impressionistically, even Romantically.
Second, I discuss how, in maritime anthropology, water became a more explicit substance to think with, its materiality a crucial factor in accounts of fisher people. I argue that seawater has moved from an implicit to an explicit figure for anthropological and social theorizing, especially in the age of globalization, which is so often described in terms of currents, flows, and circulations.
This led me to consider the quantitative values of sensations. In the course of my investigation I learned to recognize that there are domains of our experience in which the concepts of quantity, of measures that can be added or subtracted like those with which I was accustomed to operate, are not applicable. Prior to these voyages, the idea of anthropology did not exist. In a very real sense, then, anthropology, the study of humanity, is as much the child of seafaring as of colonialism.
Accounts of the color of seawater often bespeak qualitative intuitions about the meaning of the ocean. Water functions not so much as theory machine but rather as an other to theory: as description. In addition, she demonstrates that as a process, the commercialization of business, society, and culture in England did not lead directly to an industrial society, as has previously been suggested, but rather to a service economy.
Author : Great Britain. Parliament Publisher: N. Names are arranged alphabetically. It should be noted that Officers of the Regular Army including those with temporary commissions , Special Reserve and Territorial Force who have retired or have relinquished their Commissions with permission to retain rank but are NOT in receipt of any retired pay from Army funds, are NOT included in these lists.
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